Bifora radians
Bifora testiculata
References
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Bifora

Taxa treated:
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by Lars Fröberg
(6b, 20080716)

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Bifora Hoffm., nom. cons.

Hoffmann, Gen. Pl. Umbell., ed. 2: 191 (1816).

Annuals with habit and smell reminiscent of Coriandrum sativum. Leaves pinnatifid, with linear lobes (sometimes wider on the lowermost leaves). Umbels with few umbellules, without bractlets. Flowers white, without sepals. Fruit with almost globose mericarps, completely connate (no carpophore), without ridges and vittae.

Bifora radians M. Bieb. 1819. F poilikki. S strålkoriander. – Lit.: Thellung (1926; ill.). – Umbels with 4–6 umbellules. Flowers distinctly zygomorphic. Fruit ± smooth; styles 1.5–2 mm, outwards-directed. Fruit with a ± rough surface; styles c. 0.2 mm. – [2n=22
Mainly brought in with cereals. – S Sk Svalöv 1927 (ley), Helsingborg 1940 (mill), Konga 1942 (field weed), BhG Härryda 1939 (lawn), Göteborg 1942 (waste from fruit import), 1944 (docks), 1952–56 (mill), Backa 1943 (factory), Angered 1952 (mill), Vg Lerdala 1956 (with wheat of foreign provenance), Västra Tunhem 1958 (with manganese ore from Turkey). F V Raisio 1950, 1953–54 (mill, field), Turku 1957, U Helsinki 1948, Järvenpää 1948 (mill), Hyvinkää 1955 (mill), EH Janakkala 1960–61 (grain storage), ES Kouvola 1948 (mill), 1954 (grain storage), PH Jyväskylä 1953, KP Pietarsaari 1919 (railway station, with Russian military supplies). – Records from F EH Tampere 1969-77 were based on probably mislabelled specimens. – S and C Europe, SW Asia. – Map (not in the book).
Bifora testiculata (L.) Spreng. 1820. D Dobbeltkoriander. N dobbeltkoriander. S dubbelkoriander. – Lit.: Thellung (1926; ill.). – Similar to B. radians but 1–3 umbellules per umbel, flowers not or very slightly zygomorphic, and the fruit with rougher surface and shorter styles (c. 0.2 mm). – [2n=22]
D Sjæ København 1929 (brought in with fruit), 1930, 1933. N Ro Haugesund 1902 (ballast), Ho Bergen 1966 (mill). – The Mediterranean and SW Asia; a noxious weed in Australia. – Map (not in the book).

References To top

Thellung, A. 1926: Umbelliferae. In G. Hegi (ed.), Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa 5: 926–1537. München.

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