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1. Selinum carvifolia (L.) L. map ill.
Linnaeus, Sp. pl. ed. 2: 350 (1762). – Seseli carvifolia L., Sp. pl.: 260 (1753). – Type: Rivinus, Ordo pl. fl. tetrapet.: 18, ill. design. "Angelica tenuifolia" (1699) lectotype cons., sel. by Reduron & Jarvis, Regnum Veg. 127: 87 (1993).
D Seline. F särmäputki. N krusfrø. S krusfrö.
Perennial herb, to 110 cm; tap-root 1–7 mm thick, often branched, with next year’s shoot originating laterally from the preceding one. Stem solid; basal part 1.5–5 mm thick, angular to sulcate and usually indistinctly winged, not glaucous, purplish or not; upper internodes sulcate and distinctly winged. Leaves up to 6 at the base and 4–7 on the stem, one of the basal ones or sometimes the lowest stem leaf the largest; sheath narrow, not purplish; petiole (4–)9.5–21(–25) cm; blade 2–3-pinnate, (3.8–)8–20 × (2.3–)4–9(–15) cm, with a length/width ratio of (1.2–)1.4–2.5(–2.9). Primary leaflets 4–8 pairs; angle leaflet/rachis 35–60°; longest petiolules (0.4–)0.7–2(–2.4) cm. Ultimate leaflets 2–3-pinnatifid, with 3–5 pairs of lobes; petiolules 4–12(–15) mm; blade 16–36 × 13–29 mm, length/width ratio 0.9–1.5; base shortly attenuate to cordate; margin flat (sometimes slightly revolute), rather distinctly papillose. Ultimate lobes 2.2–5.8(–15) × 0.9–2.6 mm (length/width ratio 1.8–4.6); apices acuminate or sometimes acute (tips white or slightly purplish).
Umbels slightly convex, 3–4.5 cm high, 7.5–10.5 cm wide; peduncle (6–)9–21 cm; rays straight, (2–)3–4.5 cm, distinctly papillose on the adaxial side. Bracts 0–4(–8), persistent, 5–12(–18) × 0.3–0.8 mm; border not or indistinctly membranous. Umbellules (19–)21–35(–40); pedicels 0.6–1.1 cm, distinctly papillose on the adaxial side. Bractlets 7–13, persistent, 3.5–7.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm; border not or indistinctly membranous. Flowers (26–)28–42(–46) per umbellule; petals 0.9–1.6 × 0.7–1.3 mm, emarginate (apical cut 0.2–0.5 mm deep); filaments 2–3.6 mm; anthers 0.4–0.6 mm. Fruit broadly elliptic to broadly oblong in outline, dorsiventrally flattened. Mericarps 2.5–4.5 × 2.2–3.1(–4) × 0.7–1.5 mm (length/width ratio 1–1.5); ridges 5, straw-coloured, narrow, winglike, the two lateral ones 0.5–1.2 mm high (distinctly higher than the median ones); valleculae narrow, each with 1 (rarely 2–3) dark brown vittae visible on the surface; stylopodium conical, 0.5–0.7 mm wide; style (1.2–)1.6–2.5 mm, directed outwards. – Mid-summer to late summer.
2n=22 (S Sk). [2n=22]
Distribution. Nem–BNem(–SBor). – D rather common in ØJy, FyL, Sjæ and LFM, elsewhere scattered. N scattered to rare along Oslofjorden from Øf to Te Bamble. S fairly common north to central BhG, southeastern Dls, southwesternmost Vrm, southern Vsm and northern Upl, especially in coastal areas, but rare in the upland areas in northern Sk and Bl, western Hl and most of SmI, and fairly rare in Gtl; Gst ***. F indigenous and common in A and along the shores of the Gulf of Finland, although lacking from the SW archipelago of V; obviously archaeophytic inland occurrences on dry meadows, road sides and field margins in V, U, northwestern and northeastern EK; also St Kokemäki (extinct), EH Kylmäkoski and southwesternmost and southeastern parts of the province, and ES Joutseno; new incomer in PH Keuruu 1965 (railway station) and PeP Tornio (established in German wartime storage area). – A specimen from Vb Bygdeå (Ratan) was probably mislabelled.
Outside Norden in C Europe and W Siberia.
Habitat. In sun or light shade on slightly damp to fairly dry, fairly nutrient-rich and base-rich mull soil. Seashore meadows in the upper geolittoral zone (also meadow fragments on rocky shores), damp meadows e.g. at lakes and species-rich fens, wooded meadows, boundaries and glades in deciduous woodland, and verges of fields and roads; in S Vsm in dry, herb-rich hillslopes. Sensitive to grazing and favoured in the initial stages of overgrowth; perhaps slightly increasing in some areas, but clearly declining in areas with intense agriculture.
Similar taxa. Selinum carvifolia is similar to Peucedanum palustre and P. oreoselinum. S. carvifolia has a solid stem with distinctly winged uppermost internodes; all 5 ridges of the mericarps are winglike, and visible already at anthesis (in P. palustre and P. oreoselinum only the 2 lateral ridges are high and winglike, and they develop after anthesis). Peucedanum oreoselinum differs also by more broad-lobed leaflets inserted at an angle of about 90° to the rachis; P. palustre differs by its hollow stem, distinctly elongated apical leaf-lobes (short in S. carvifolia) and distinctly membrane-bordered bracts and bractlets (all green in S. carvifolia). Carum carvi leaves have sessile primary leaflets and narrower lobes, and lobes at the base of the upper sheaths (not developed in S. carvifolia), and the umbels often lack both bracts and bractlets. – See also Silaum silaus and Seseli libanotis.
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2. Selinum dubium (Schkuhr) Leute map ill.
Leute, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 74: 501 (1970). – Seseli dubium Schkuhr, Bot. Handb. 1: 217 (1791). – Cnidium dubium (Schkuhr) Thell. (1926). – Described from Germany.
Cnidium venosum (Hoffm.) W.D.J. Koch (1824).
Selinum lineare Schum. (1801).
D Brændeskærm. N slirekjeks. S slidsilja.
Biennial herb, to 90(–105) cm; taproot 1.5–5(–7.5) mm thick, unbranched. Stem narrowly hollow, unbranched or with few branches; basal part 2–4 mm thick, terete or slightly angular, not purplish, sometimes ± glaucous, and with remains of dead leaves; upper internodes sulcate but not winged. Leaves 5–9 on the stem (basal leaves withered at anthesis), either of the two lowest ones the largest; sheath (also on upper leaves) broad, (3–)3.6–6.5 cm long, distinctly clasping, purplish or greenish; petiole (3–)4.7–9.8(–11.3) cm; blade 1-pinnate, 5.5–12(–15) × (2.5–)3.5–7 cm (length/width ratio 1.3–2.4), lower side glaucous. Primary leaflets 2–3 pairs; angle leaflet/rachis 25–45°; longest petiolules 1–5 mm. Ultimate leaflets (measured on lowest pair of primary leaflets) 1–3-pinnatifid, with 2–5 pairs of lobes; petiolule 2–7 mm; blade 31–54 × (10–)15–26(–40) mm, with a length/width ratio of 1.2–2.2(–3.1); base shallowly cordate to attenuate; margin distinctly folded, rather distinctly papillose. Ultimate lobes 12–18 × 0.9–2.2(–3) mm (length/width ratio (4.7–)6.5–13); apices acute or rarely acuminate, with ± purplish tips.
Umbels flat to slightly convex, 2.5–3.5 cm high and 4.5–7 cm wide; peduncle 6–11 cm; rays bent outwards, 2.3–3 cm, rather distinctly papillose on the adaxial side. Bracts 0–10, persistent, (3–)8–16 × 0.1–0.5(–0.9) mm; border not membranous. Umbellules 18–33; pedicels 5–7 mm, rather distinctly papillose on the adaxial side. Bractlets 5–11, persistent, 4.5–8 × 0.2–0.4 mm; border not membranous. Flowers 21–31(–36) per umbellule; petals 0.8–1.4 × 0.6–1 mm, emarginate (apical cut 0.1–0.2 mm deep); filaments 1.7–2.5 mm; anthers 0.35–0.6 mm. Fruit oblong in outline, not flattened. Mericarps 1.8–2.8 × 1.1–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm (length/width ratio 1.7–1.8); ridges 5, straw-coloured to greenish, high and acute (the lateral ones slightly higher than the median ones), with a wide base; valleculae narrow, each with one dark brown vitta; stylopodium slightly flattened, 0.5–0.6 mm wide; style 1.1–1.7 mm, directed outwards. – Late summer to early autumn.
[2n=20, 22]
Distribution. Nem. – Probably indigenous in D and southern S, elsewhere anthropochorous. – D remaining only in a few areas in Sjæ København (Amager, probably archeophytic); also known from Sjæ Lille Værløse 1862-1869 and several coastal localities between Hundige and Hvidovre (up to 1950), FyL Svendborg c. 1857, Brn Knudsker c. 1885-1954. S Sk Barsebäck 1908–50 (seashore meadow), Öl fairly common (seashores and in the interior), Gtl Klinte 1873–1920 (probably seashore), Sanda 1892, ***, southeastern Klm (seashores near Kalmar, formerly more widespread and also inland), Ög Skällvik 1980 (seashore); casual in SmI Algutsboda 1926 (roadside), Vsm Kolbäck 1923–24 (roadside, possibly with hay), Srm Västerljung (Hållsviken) 1889–98 (possibly with ley seed), Upl Djurö (Harö) 1944 (thicket slope).
Outside Norden in E Europe and W Siberia.
Habitat. On moist, nutrient-rich soil, usually in full sun. In D Sjæ and S Sk, Öl, Klm and Ög in seashore meadow (in the upper geolitteral zone), in wet hollows in [coastal damp meadows] and in thickets; in S Öl also inland in [pasture], roadsides and field verges (Sterner 1986). Apparently more or less dependent on traditional management; in tall-herb and sedge vegetation it persists for some time but finally usually vanishes.
Taxonomy. In fruits of Selinum s.str., the lateral ridges are distinctly wider than the median ones and parallel with those of the other mericarp, and the stylopodia are broader. Selinum dubium has usually been placed in the genus Cnidium, characterized by fruits having lateral mericarp ridges not wider than the median ones and converging with that of the other mericarp (the edges adhering), and by conical stylopodia. However, Leute (1970) transferred the species of Cnidium to Selinum, arguing that there is no general difference in stylopodium shape between these two genera, and that the fruit characters vary as much within as between them.
Similar taxa. Selinum dubium is similar to Peucedanum palustre and inhabits similar places, but P. palustre has a sulcate stem, the leaf-lobes are usually wider than in S. dubium (although variable in shape), the leaf margins are flat, the upper leaves have shorter sheaths than the lower ones, the rays of the umbels are straight at fruiting stage, and the mericarps have 2 wings (although the wings do not develop until after anthesis; in S. dubium the ridges are visible already at anthesis).
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Rare casual
Selinum silaifolium (Jacq.) G. Beck 1927 ( Cnidium silaifolium (Jacq.) Simonkai). S karstsilja. – Lit. Thellung (1926; ill.). – Similar to S. carvifolia but the stem has no wings and the leaves are wider and triangular, the fruit is papillose, the two mericarps appear to be fused (each lateral ridge adhering to that of the other mericarp) and have thicker ridges, all equally high
D Brn Rønne 1956. S Upl Stockholm 2000 (railway ditch).– S Europe and SW Asia. – Map (not in the book).
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