|
Smyrnium perfoliatum L. map
Linnaeus, Sp. pl.: 262 (1753). – Described from Italy and Crete.
D Lundgylden. S vingloka.
Hemicryptophyte (biennial or rarely perennial). Slightly foetid plant, to 120 cm; taproot carrot-shaped, 30–40 × 15–17 mm. Stem solid, straight, with the primary umbel at the top and most branches in the upper part; basal part 4–6 mm thick, angular, straw-coloured, ± glaucous; upper internodes with three distinct, glabrous or ciliate wings (decurrent from the mid-vein and edges of next leaf). Leaves 4–6 at the base (usually withered at anthesis) and 8–9 on the stem, one of the lower stem leaves largest. Lower leaves with a rather broad, straw-coloured sheath; petiole 7.5–11 cm; blade 1–2-pinnate, 7.5–11 × 7–10 cm (length/width ratio 1.1–1.2). Primary leaflets 1–3 pairs; angle leaflet/rachis 40–45°. Ultimate leaflets entire or with one pair of lobes; petiolule 12–19 mm; blade ovate to broadly elliptic, 30–40 × 30–40 mm (length/width ratio 0.9–1.3); margin serrate in upper part; base cordate; apex acute or obtuse. Upper leaves stem-clasping; blade entire, ovate to almost triangular, 7–17 × 3.5–10 cm (length/width ratio 1.4–2); margin serrate; apex mostly obtuse.
Umbels flat, 3–4 cm high and 4–8 cm wide; peduncle 2.5–3 cm; rays straight, 2.6–5.5 cm, glabrous. Bracts 0(–2). Umbellules 8–12; pedicels 0.6–0.9 cm, glabrous or rarely papillose on the adaxial side. Bractlets 0. Flowers 17–25 per umbellule, not or very slightly zygomorphic; sepals indistinct; petals pale yellow, 0.8–1.2 × 0.6–1 mm, with an entire apex; filaments 1.2–1.5 mm; anthers 0.6–0.7 mm. Fruit with almost globose mericarps, (brownish) black, indistinctly rugose, with a fatty gloss when ripe; carpophore flattened, usually divided to the base. Mericarps broadly ellipsoid to almost spherical, 2.9–3.8 × 2.2–2.9 × 2.2–2.8 mm (length/width ratio 1.2–1.3); in cross section with 3 dorsal, low and 2 ventral, indistinct ridges; valleculae very wide, each with several vittae; stylopodium conical, 0.6–0.8 mm wide, asymmetrically inserted towards the ventral side; style 0.8–1.2 mm, deflexed. – Early summer.
Distribution and habitat. Grown for ornament, e.g. in parks and botanic gardens, and escaped; increasing at some localities. – D Sjæ scattered in the København area (earliest record Frederiksberg 1924), rare elsewhere, Brn Ypnested (deciduous woodland) since 1983, Gudhjem since 1991. S Sk Lomma (Alnarp, park) since 1919, Lund (botanical garden) since at least 1970, in both places numerous and established; Sövestad (Krageholm, park) 1929–32, probably vanished, Svedala 1987 (small stand in former plantation), Revinge 2008, SmI Östra Torsås 1992 (shrubbery), Upl Kista 2000–02, 2008 (ruderal ground).
S Europe, N Africa and SW Asia.
Similar taxa. Smyrnium perfoliatum could be taken for a broad-leaved Bupleurum species, but the latter have entire leaf margins and large bractlets.
|